Otto Von Bismarck Health Care Program' title='Otto Von Bismarck Health Care Program' />Free health care reform Essays and Papers. Your search returned over 4. It was 1881, and German chancellor Otto von Bismarck had a serious socialist problem. Hed passed the AntiSocialist Law of 1878, which banned Social Democratic. PreSocial Security Period. Traditional Sources of Economic Security. All peoples throughout all of human history have faced the uncertainties. Free health care reform papers, essays, and research papers. Bismarck bzmrk un comune city degli Stati Uniti dAmerica, capoluogo della contea di Burleigh, e capitale dello Stato del Dakota del Nord. History. Germany has the worlds oldest national social health insurance system, with origins dating back to Otto von Bismarcks Sickness Insurance Law of 1883. Social security Any of the measures established by legislation to maintain individual or family income or to provide income when some or all sources of income are. Proclama de los Cien Mil Hijos de San Luis. Luis Antonio de Francia Duque de Angulema. Bismarck b z m r k is the capital of the U. S. state of North Dakota and the county seat of Burleigh County. It is the secondmost populous city in. Providing affordable, highquality health care options to consumers is not possible without a balanced risk pool, Aetna Inc. AET Chairman and CEO Mark T. INSPIRED TO GIVE. INSPIRED TO HEAL. Sanford Health Fargo Summer 2011 SanfordFoundation Health Foundation Spring 2014. Donor Impact Report Sanford Health. Otto Von Bismarck Health Care Program' title='Otto Von Bismarck Health Care Program' />Next. These results are sorted by most relevant first ranked search. You may also sort these by color rating. Developments to c. In many societies charity has been the traditional way in which provision was made for the poor. Charitable giving has been encouraged by many different religions, and in many parts of the world religious agencies have long collected charitable donations and distributed help to those in need. The imposition of obligations on communities to pay taxes in order to provide for the poor can be traced back for hundreds of years in a number of different societies. For example, part of the function of the Christian tithe or the Islmic zakat was to provide for the poor. Town poor laws were passed in Germany from 1. In 1. 79. 4 the Prussian states assumed the responsibility of providing food and lodgings for those citizens who were unable to support and fend for themselves. From the 1. 6th century it became recognized in England that there were people who could not find work, and legislation was passed to provide work for the poor and houses of correction for rogues and idlers. From 1. 59. 8 a clear obligation was placed on parishes to levy local taxes and appoint overseers of the poor in order to give relief to those who could not work and to provide work for those who could. This formed was the essence of the Elizabethan Poor Laws, an early provision of social assistance. The Elizabethan Poor Laws were poorly enforced in the 1. A new Poor Law enacted in 1. Poor Laws. Some U. S. states copied the Elizabethan Poor Laws but exempted recent immigrants. The English Poor Laws were also introduced in Jamaica in 1. European immigrants and much later in Mauritius 1. Trinidad 1. 93. 1. In Latin America the Spanish colonists, instead of establishing a public relief agency, gave grants to charities to provide hospitals for the poor beneficencias, and the Portuguese promoted lay brotherhoods such as the Misericrdia. The first general social insurance scheme was introduced in Germany in 1. The scheme drew upon three types of precedent. The first was the ancient system of guild collection boxesfunds to which each member of a particular trade was required to contribute at regular intervals such funds were originally used for hospital and funeral expenses and for food and lodging for aged and disabled members. By the middle of the 1. Relief funds were later established by associations of miners. The second precedent was a Prussian ordinance of 1. From 1. 84. 9 communities could make bylaws requiring both employers and employees to contribute to relief funds, and a law of 1. Download City Of Evil 2005 Rar. The third precedent was the employers legal liability to pay damages for accidents caused by negligence. Fairpoint Spread 6 0 Speed more. As a result of this liability, which was widened in 1. The system did not work well because the burden of proof lay with the worker, who normally had to incur high legal costs and delay before he could hope to obtain lump sum compensation. Chancellor Otto von Bismarcks 1. This was followed by a law of 1. The schemes were operated by numerous funds controlled by the insured and their employers. Finally a law establishing a pension for all workers in trade, industry, and agriculture from the age of 7. This was directly administered by the Imperial Insurance Office. Austria followed part of the German example in 1. Italy in 1. 89. 3, and both Sweden and the Netherlands in 1. Bismarcks political aim in introducing social insurance had been to address the legitimate grievances of workers so as to check the growth of socialism and avert revolution. A proportion of previous earnings were to be paid in cases of sickness, injury, widowhood, and old age. Employers and employees were to work together in implementing the scheme. In Austria part of the driving force was the Christian Socialists aim of improving the workers position. Although Britain had been the first country to industrialize, the developments in Germany and Austria originally attracted little British interest because of an aversion to state intervention, an apparently lesser likelihood of revolution, and the slower development of British socialism. In Britain self help through friendly societies and savings banks was seen as the solution. The friendly societies were run by skilled workers with no employer participation and provided flat rate cash benefits for sickness as well as treatment by the societys doctor, who was normally paid a flat rate per member insureda so called capitation payment. By 1. 87. 0 membership had grown to 1,2. Apart from the regulation of friendly societies, the only social security legislation passed in the United Kingdom during the 1. By a law of 1. 89. Developments since c. Further action arose in the United Kingdom out of social concern about poverty, which was systematically investigated both in London and in York. In 1. 89. 9 the government carried out an inquiry into the incomes of 1. The influential precedents for action were those of New Zealand and Denmark, which had made provision for old age without establishing social insurance schemes, in contrast with Germany, where the scheme was based on insurance. In 1. 90. 8 in Britain, pensions at age 7. The social insurance approach was, however, applied to sickness and also to unemployment in certain occupations three years later. This compulsory scheme, including the first state scheme of unemployment insurance, again reflected Britains concern to address the main causes of poverty. Benefits and contributions for sickness and unemployment insurance were flat rate, building on the precedents established by the friendly societies and ensuring the maximum impact on the living standards of low earners. From 1. 92. 5 the social insurance approach began to be extended to provide for widowhood and old age. Unemployment insurance was subsequently introduced in Austria and Belgium 1. Switzerland 1. 92. Germany 1. 92. 7, and Sweden 1. In the case of health insurance, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden promoted voluntary health insurance before making such schemes compulsory, much later than in Britain or Germany. In France voluntary insurance had long been less developed, and mutual insurance societies had long been regarded by government with suspicion, and therefore suppressed. When they ultimately were allowed to expand, around the end of the 1. During the second half of the 1. An employers liability law was passed in 1. This law met with limited success, owing to opposition on the part of workers, noncompliance among employers, the loss of rights on change of job or bankruptcy of the employer, and the erosion of the value of pensions during inflation. Health insurance, though provided for in a law of 1. A major innovation came in Belgium 1. France 1. 93. 2 with the introduction of family allowances, although New Zealand had introduced a limited means tested scheme in 1. These derived from the ideas of social Christianity regarding the just wage and had originally been introduced by Christian employers on a private basis special funds were later set up to equalize financial burdens among employers. Family allowances became relatively generous in France, partly because of concern to increase the birthrate after the heavy loss of men in World War I. There is, however, no clear evidence that family allowances have any impact on birthrates. France later introduced family allowances in many of its colonies during the 1. During the interwar period social insurance schemes were introduced in more and more countries in Europe and Latin America.